equiano essays

Western Imperialism in Japan and China essays

Western Imperialism in Japan and China papers During the 1850-1939, the western forces, especially Britain, approached Asia. The principle reason they came to Asia was a direct result of exchange. The British needed to exchange with the Japanese, yet essentially the Chinese, for merchandise, for example, silk and different things that you couldnt find in Europe. The main issue was that the Chinese didnt need anything to do with the Europeans. This is the thing that made the Europeans begin compelling the Chinese to exchange with them. There were numerous reasons that the Chinese didnt need to exchange with the Europeans. One explanation was that the Chinese felt that there was nothing that the Europeans had that they needed. They felt that their economy was fine without the nearness of the Europeans, particularly the British. The main stop while in transit to China was Japan. The British and Matthew C. Perry with four boats into Edo Bay in 1853 to attempt to persuade the Japanese to open up to the British (. At the point when the Japanese saw the boats that Perry carried with them, they were dazed. At the point when Perry arrived he constrained the bargain of Shimoda on the Japanese. Matthew said he would restore a year later. Perry returned on his given date with 7 dark boats to check whether the Japanese had helped up. Without a doubt they had in light of the fact that they feared the boats and what the British could do with them. Perry caused the Japanese to acknowledge an arrangement that gave Europeans practically full rights in Japan. The bargain was known as the Treaty of Kanagawa. This bargain gave all Europeans what was called extraterritoriality. This implied regardless of whether an European executed a Japanese individual, he must be attempted under the laws of his own nation. In this manner the criminal would be taken back to Europe to be attempted. The reasons that they did this was on the grounds that before the settlement was set up, Europeans that were appeared on Japanese soil on the grounds that their boat had sunk, were imprisoned and even execute. Initially, the British needed nothing to do with the Japanese. Japan wa... <!

The Perfect Generosity of Prince Vessantara

Jataka depicts Prince Vassantara as one of the rebirths of Buddha. It is conceivable to take note of that Prince’s all activities are driven by his longing to part with. This longing makes him part with his fortunes, his realm and even his family. All the more along these lines, he is prepared to part with his self in the event that it is necessary.Advertising We will compose a custom article test on The Perfect Generosity of Prince Vessantara explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More This is viewed as the most noteworthy sign of prudence and Jataka portrays last rebirth of Buddha thusly to pressure one of the significant estimations of the religion. As a matter of fact, generosity is viewed as one of the most significant attributes of an honorable man. Jataka recounts to the account of Prince Vassantara to give individuals the model to follow. The longing to part with showed up in Prince Vassantara when he was in his mother’s belly causing his mom to hunge r for â€Å"to have six almshouses built† and give a great deal of presents, â€Å"every day to give 600,000 gold coins† (Cone Gombrich 8). Jataka stresses that it is a prudent want as the ruler and every one of his counselors comprehend that the sovereign has the future god in her belly. The ruler is prepared to give bunches of endowments too. The king’s counselors guarantee that the divinity in the queen’s belly â€Å"will never be satisfied with giving† (Cone Gombrich 8). This is an extraordinary gift for the ruler who is glad to have such an honest kid. The Prince satisfies the advisors’ words from the absolute first long periods of his life. The Prince will in general part with his assets from his initial years. For example, when he is just four or five, he takes the adornments from his rooms and parts with them to his medical caretakers. Once more, the ruler is interested with this and cases that the medical caretakers should keep the blessings as those are â€Å"holy† endowments and what is given by the Prince â€Å"is given well† (Cone Gombrich 10). The youngster does likewise multiple times and makes his folks and the entire realm considerably more joyful (Cone Gombrich 10). Nonetheless, these presents can't be contrasted with what Prince Vassantara is prepared to part with. At eight years old, the Prince comprehends that it isn't sufficient to part with things which are â€Å"external† to him (Cone Gombrich 10). He is encircled by delightful and important things which can be relinquished. In fact, the Prince comprehends that he needn't bother with things and resources to be glad and enlightened.Advertising Looking for article on religion religious philosophy? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Thus, he doesn't believe those endowments to be sufficient. His concept of magnanimity goes past the universe of material qualities. He asser ts, â€Å"I need to give something of my very self† (Cone Gombrich 10). Jataka portrays Prince Vassantara as the most giving man who is prepared to give actually everything. The Prince turns into an image of benevolence and, simultaneously, the image of legitimacy. Portraying the Prince’s assurance, Jataka stresses this is the best approach to live on the planet as â€Å"Sakka, the ruler of the divine beings, snapped his fingers in approval† (Cone Gombrich 10). Jataka additionally portrays the sign of the god’s endorsement as â€Å"the sky . poured down an abrupt shower† (Cone Gombrich 10). Prominently, downpour has consistently been viewed as an image of the gods’ endorsement and gods’ favoring. Along these lines, total magnanimity is essential as the divine beings support of such demeanor towards life. It is important to take note of that Jataka portrays Prince Vassantara in the manner he does to give individuals the model to follow . At the end of the day, Jataka gives a case of a blessed and upright life. Obviously, Jataka addresses individuals and stresses that they should attempt to follow the model given. Jataka instructs individuals to be sacrificial and center around profound improvement as opposed to material qualities. Jataka states that the Prince figures out how to live an equitable route and to part with everything. For this, he is honored and divinities help him to arrive at his significant objective throughout everyday life and stay an upright man. The Prince parts with everything to individuals who are out of luck. This story ought to be viewed as a model and everybody should attempt to give something ‘external’ and significantly more when there are individuals out of luck. Jataka’s story instructs individuals to make progress toward profound turn of events. The individuals who take a stab at illumination ought to follow the Prince’s model and to be prepared to part wit h their own selves. To summarize, Jataka recounts to an account of one of Buddha’s rebirths. Ruler Vassantara is driven by his longing to part with all that he can (for example his fortunes, his realm, his youngsters, his significant other and in any event, more).Advertising We will compose a custom paper test on The Perfect Generosity of Prince Vessantara explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More This longing is viewed as probably the best prudence and all individuals just as divinities favor the ruler. Jataka recounts to the story to give a case of a legitimate life which all individuals should lead. Sovereign Vassantara is a case of an individual who comprehends what generosity truly implies. The individuals who need to accomplish illumination should attempt to be as noble as the Prince. Works Cited Cone, Margaret and Richard F. Gombrich. The Perfect Generosity of Prince Vessantara. Oxford: Claredon Press, 1977. Print. This article on The Perfect Generosity of Prince Vessantara was composed and put together by client Carl0s to help you with your own examinations. You are allowed to utilize it for research and reference purposes so as to compose your own paper; in any case, you should refer to it as needs be. You can give your paper here.

Essay --

Volleyball is a well known game. It is played all through the world on state, national, and worldwide levels. The weight pushed on specific pieces of a female athlete’s body can adversely influence her bone structure. The upper and lower members and the neck structure of female competitors have been known to encounter unfavorable impacts when exposed to the stacking modalities, and the various phases of menopause influence the bone mineral densities in explicit pieces of the bone structure in female competitors. Different games have been appeared to help create higher bone masses at stacked bone destinations. For instance, high-sway and odd-sway loadings produce the most grounded bone structure in the lower furthest points, for example, the legs; and high-greatness stacking produces the most grounded bone structure in the furthest points, for example, the arms and middle. The lower furthest points have the weight-bearing segment, which is required for the dynamic stacking required, and muscle execution is principally engaged in the lower limits. The furthest points contain the nonweight-bearing segment, yet dissimilar to the weight-bearing bones, no bone misfortune has been found (Nikander et al. 2006). An examination was acted so as to all the more likely see how various games and their loadings on the bone structure influence muscle execution and joint second, contingent upon the structures of the upper and lower furthest points. The motivation behind the examination was to check whether thick bone masses help build more grounded bone structures in competitors and if the nonweight-bearing furthest point influences bone structure. The subjects that were tried comprised of one hundred and thirteen female competitors. These competitors were illustrative of volleyball, leaping, tennis, badminton, squa... ... of the three menopausal stages encountered some bone misfortune, yet the competitors were appeared to have higher bone masses. The femoral neck was reinforced because of the distinctive effect loadings on the zone. The athletic preparing and history of volleyball players were an advantage deep down mass and structure in light of the fact that there was very little misfortune or negative impacts of these zones. The preconditioning of the competitors supported in how the bone structure would be influenced by the diverse stacking modalities. Like that of the bone structure of the nonathletic referents that were seen in the investigations, bone structures from the start could be seriously influenced by the high-sway and odd-sway loadings of volleyball. However, as competitors become used to the different loadings on various pieces of their bodies, positive connections between's the loadings and the bone structure and mass happen.

Cite Easily with EasyBibs APA Citation Template

Cite Easily with EasyBib’s APA Citation Template (1) Without a doubt, one of the biggest stressors to finishing up a research project is making sure that references are structured properly and other authors are responsibly credited for their work. At , we strive to make that process easier for you. Today, we’re back with another snazzy, helpful template, similar to the MLA template we posted previously. That one was designed to help students and scholars when developing their MLA style citations (Shout out to those of you who took the time to send us a thank you for posting that resource!) With tons of shares over social media and downloads galore, we heard youâ€"you want more. So we’re back to bring you our newest resourceâ€"an APA Citation Template! Our latest template is filled with six of the most commonly used sources and their APA reference structures. If you’re using a book, e-book, website, online video, online journal article, or digital photograph, we have the proper arrangement displayed on our template. Look at the information found on the source you’re attempting to cite and use the template to put the elements in their proper configuration. Take notice of the punctuation, italics, and brackets on the template as well. We’ve included everything you need to produce stellar references that follow the most current edition of the American Psychological Association’s Publication Manual. Bookmark our template for easy reference, print it out, share it with others, or, better yet, add the link to your classroom blog or website. Refer to our template when you’re working on your references or use it to check for accuracy before submission. Stress less about developing your references and focus more on your writing! As always, we’ve got your back for that. For even more peace of mind, run your paper through our spiffy grammar and plagiarism checker. Receive instant feedback on your grammar, view potential plagiarism red flags, and easily modify your references. Get started today and submit your papers with confidence! Click here for a PDF version. Looking for more information? The EasyBib Writing Center has guides on citing on topics like how to do an annotated bibliography in MLA, to how to cite in APA, and more. There are also guides on grammar that examine  what is an interjection, subordinating conjunctions examples, a nice list of prepositions, and more!

College Board and Khan Academy offer SAT Prep Resources

One year after the College Board announced a partnership with Khan Academy, they recently released a set of completely free prep resources for students taking the redesigned SAT next year. The partnership and the free resources are an effort by the College Board to help students prepare effectively for the new SAT. In a statement, the College Board said, â€Å"Unlike traditional high-priced test prep that focuses on strategies for taking the test and quick cramming, Official SAT Practice supports and reinforces what students are learning in classrooms by helping them focus on the knowledge and skills most essential for college readiness.† Students can use this Official SAT Practice to learn more about the redesigned SAT, receive personalized practice recommendations, get regular updates from SAT and practice anywhere, anytime at no cost. It contains: Four practice tests along with study and test-taking tips Thousands of practice questions and video lessons Eight diagnostic quizzes to pinpoint your areas of practice Constant feedback on your progress The duo has further announced that these interactive practice tools will be enhanced by constant feedback from students, educators and parents. In the coming months, the following new features will be added: Additional practice test and questions Scaled scoring on practice tests to mimic real-test experience Mobile app to scan practice tests on paper and get immediate scores A feature for students to upload PSAT scores to Khan Academy for personalized SAT experience Both the College Board and Khan Academy are also working with community groups, educators, schools and colleges to maximize the reach of these SAT tools. They are working with these organizations to incorporate the Official SAT Practice into the ongoing college preparation work. Experts have said that the entire SAT revamp and the free resources are aimed at giving the exam an upper hand over the ACT. Both the standardized exams are facing the heat because some universities have changed their admission policies and become test optional. With these free resources, the College Board would hope that many more students are attracted to the SAT. Check out the SAT Videos by Khan Academy on LEAP.

The Destruction Of The World - 1585 Words

By inhabiting every corner of the planet, razing forests, and burning fossil fuels, people are changing the world so fast that many other species can t cope(Kolbert 1). This statement tells of a bitter truth that has affected the world since the advent of the evolved mankind, through various self-serving activities such as logging, mining, burning fossil fuels and continuously polluting both land and water. People have ensured through this and other wreckless means that other species that inhabit the world have poor living conditions and in some extreme cases that they have gone extinct. Mankind has led to the irreparable destruction of both the flora and Fauna of the world and it is only right that he work towards repairing what he†¦show more content†¦There are presently over 8000 specimens of tissue samples in the San Diego frozen zoo in California. This come from 800 species or sub species and this is just a tip of the ice burg a million. Other such tissue banks are bei ng put up around the world so that â€Å"they can be revived if necessary (Lepage 2). This saving of human tissue should not be the answer to the problem of possible extinction of the various animals in the world. It is upon human beings to find ways to reduce their impact on animal life so as to safeguard instead of threaten the animals with extinction and then look to revive this animal life. It is much simpler for humans to change their ways such as stopping the rapid deforestation and encroaching in animal habitats and using of fossil fuels and polluting of the rivers with refuse from excesses of consumerism than it is to try and reintroduce this species when they go extinct because even the chances of man mimicking millions of years of creation are very slim at best. In South Africa in the Cape region they have seen that it is important to facilitate evolution instead of try to put it in a bottle. Dr. Richard Cowling of the Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, Port Elizab eth says that You ve got to preserve the processes.(Le Page, 2) Scientists have tried to invent

Political Environment in International Marketing Essay...

Political Environment in International Marketing THE POLITICAL ENVIRONMENT: The critical concern Political environment has a very important impact on every business operation no matter what its size, its area of operation. Whether the company is domestic, national, international, large or small political factors of the country it is located in will have an impact on it. And the most crucial unavoidable realities of international business are that both host and home governments are integral partners. Reflected in its policies and attitudes toward business are a governments idea of how best to promote the national interest, considering its own resources and political philosophy. A government controls and restricts a companys†¦show more content†¦For example the pajama game discussed in global perspective is not unusual for multinational corporations. The pajama caper was a controversy arose over a US embargo forbidding US businesses to trade with Cuba. Wal-Mart was selling Cuban made pajamas in Canadian market. When Wal-Mar t officials in US came to know about this, they ordered all offending Cuban pajamas as it was against US law. Canada was incensed with the obtrusion of US law on Canadian citizens. The Canadian citizens felt that they should be able to buy Cuban-made pajamas if they wanted to. Wal-Mart was caught between a Canada-US foreign policy feud. Wal-Mart Canada was breaking US law if it continued to sell pajamas, and was subject to a million-dollar fine and possible imprisonment. However, if it did pull out pajamas from Canadian market it was subject to 1.2 million dollar fine under Canadian law. The ideal political climate for a multinational firm is stable, friendly environment. Unfortunately, that is never really the case, its not always friendly and stable. Since foreign businesses are judged by standards as variable as there are nations, the friendliness and stability of the government in each country must be assessed as an ongoing business practice. STABILITY OF GOVERNMENTShow MoreRela tedHost Country Political and Legal Environment Affect of Airasia in International Marketing6038 Words   |  25 PagesCompany bibliography c. Entry mode to international market (through exporting, joint venture, franchising, licensing, etc) d. How do the international market / culture, management styles and business system affect the company performance? Do they have to adjust / alter their product or services to fit with the host country market needs? How does the company face the competition? e. How does a host country political and international legal environment or trade barrier affect the MalaysianRead MoreThe Political And Legal Aspects Of International Marketing1707 Words   |  7 Pages The Political and Legal Aspects in Relation to Domestic and International Environment of Halal Products Submitted by: Jessa Loreta Billano, 1338020 Submitted to: Dr. Syed M. Ahmed 10 August 2016 Executive Summary The advent of globalisation in the last two decades had an immense impact to the political and legal environments which are essential aspects in international marketing. As there is no existing single political and legal environment because of its complexity onRead MoreThe Islamic Law s Enforcement Of Halal Regulations1675 Words   |  7 Pagesin the last two decades had an immense impact to the political and legal environments which are essential aspects in international marketing. As there is no existing single political and legal environment because of its complexity on a variety of levels, the political and legal environment will be referred to as one concept in this paper. The political and legal aspects will be discussed in relation to the domestic and international environment. In order to have a grasp of the factors at play, thisRead MoreVarious Global Marketing Environments1194 Words   |  5 PagesVarious Marketing Environments All the factors that are external to the organization form the marketing environment for it. These factors also form the marketing environment when we talk about it in a global context. These factors cannot be controlled, even though the marketers can influence these factors to some extent. Social environment can have a great deal of effect on marketing globally. By the social environment we mean the consumption trends of groups and individuals. The main factorsRead MoreInternational Marketing. Submitted By: Zeinab Amin. Submitted1484 Words   |  6 Pages International Marketing Submitted by: Zeinab Amin Submitted by: Melanie Simmons International Business Northern Alberta Institute of Technology March 12, 2017 â€Æ' Table of Contents INTRODUCTION 3 INTERNATIONAL MARKETING 4 MARKETING PLAN 5 FACTORS EFFECTING INTERNATIONAL MARKETING 6 PEST ANALYSIS 6 POLITICAL 6 ECONOMIC 7 SOCIAL 8 TECHNOLOGICAL 8 INTERNATIONAL MARKETING STRATEGIES 8 EXPORTING 9 LICENSING AND FRANCHISING 9 JOINT VENTURE 10 DIRECT INVESTMENTS 10 CONCLUSION 10 REFERENCES 12 â€Æ' INTRODUCTIONRead MoreMicro Marketing And Macro Marketing1510 Words   |  7 PagesMicro-Marketing and Macro-marketing have to completely different meanings. According Basic Marketing the 9th edition by William D. Perrault, Joseph Cannon, and Jerome McCarthy define micro-marketing concerns the marketing activities of an individual firm, whereas macro-marketing deals with how the whole marketing system works (Perrault, Cannon, McCarthy 2014, p 526). I will be discussing organizational domestic and international, micro and macro marketing impacts on business and society, and identifyingRead MoreIntroduction. Coca-Cola Is One Of The Company That Gets1482 Words   |  6 Pagesoutside of the United States; this is a perfect example of international Marketing. The term ‘international marketing’ is not only based on marketing, but rather more building, and executing a solid marketing plan and actively looking for opportunities to expand a given business by moving to new geog raphic markets, finding new offerings, and products and services that would fit within your company. No doubt expanding a business to an international market can be very challenging. It is costly to implementRead MoreCoca Cola Environmental Factors Paper1224 Words   |  5 Pagescould possibly affect their marketing both globally and domestically. The Coca-Cola Company and Subsidiaries have many environmental factors that affect their global and domestic marketing decisions. These factors include; global economic interdependence alongside trade practices and agreements, demographics and their importance on top of physical infrastructure, cultural differences, social responsibilities, ethics versus legal obligations, political systems and international relations, and technologyRead MoreThe Concept Of Environment And Political Factors1230 Words   |  5 PagesThe Concept of Environment and Political Factors Introduction The market of a company like everything else, will change with time. The maturity of a company to market share increases steadily, trying to achieve the market growth. The planning and implementation of the growth strategy for the development of new markets and the expansion of the company before the current market will not only help in company’s business to live in difficult times, it could also give a company a considerable advantageRead MoreEthical And Environmental Issues Of International Marketing1408 Words   |  6 Pagesto introduce our own outlet. But if finance and political environment is not well then we can go for some franchising. This distribution channel will cost us less and provide us with a lot of profit. We will introduce our outlets in Abu Dahbi, SharJah, Al Ain, Fujairah, Al Khaimah. We will introduce our at least 30 outlets in those cities . Other companies have their outlet here. . (AC 3.4) Ethical and environmental issues in international marketing within Dubai: The following issues are the ethical

Basic Finance - 2034 Words

Finance has a close relationship to a number of other business disciplines. It is important that we understand why a finance major needs these other skills and abilities. Lets take them one at a time: 1. Economics provides the theory that finance uses. The field of finance is a very new discipline, beginning formally around 1920. Before that, financial problems were referred to as economic problems or (even earlier) problems in political economy. During the 1920s, finance broke away from economics and became a discipline of its own. Think of finance today as being applied economics. In other words, economics provides the theory; finance takes that theory and applies it to real world situations. 2. Accounting is†¦show more content†¦Since insurance also enjoys some tax benefits, utilizing insurance investment products may be a critical piece of the overall investment planning. Tax planning: typically the income tax is the single largest expense in a household. Managing taxes is not a question of if you will pay taxes, but when and how much. Government gives many incentives in the form of tax deductions and credits, which can be used to reduce the lifetime tax burden. Most modern governments use a progressive tax. Typically, as ones income grows, a higher marginal rate of tax must be paid.[citation needed] Understanding how to take advantage of the myriad tax breaks when planning ones personal finances can make a significant impact. Investment and accumulation goals: planning how to accumulate enough money - for large purchases and life events - is what most people consider to be financial planning. Major reasons to accumulate assets include, purchasing a house or car, starting a business, paying for education expenses, and saving for retirement. Achieving these goals requires projecting what they will cost, and when you need to withdraw funds. A major risk to the household in achieving their accumulation goal is the rate of price increases over time, or inflation. Using net present value calculators, the financial planner will suggest a combination of asset earmarking and regular savings to be invested in a variety of investments. In order to overcome the rate of inflation, the investmentShow MoreRelatedHealthcare Finance: Basic Tools for Nonfinancial Managers985 Words   |  4 Pagescustomers involved. If records are not being properly kept, service could be compromised. Delays, misinformation, and lack of se rvice are all the results of lack of record upkeep. Reference: Baker, J. J., Baker, R. W. (2011). Health care finance: Basic tools for nonfinancial managers (3rd ed.). Jones BartlettRead MoreSocial Policy Practice For Social Workers Essay2119 Words   |  9 Pagesgeneration in the process of retiring, it is projected that by the year 2031, one in five Canadians will be seniors (Hick, 2014). As Hick (2014) highlights, Canada’s financial security system for the elderly and retired comprises of three main pillars: basic minimum income security allowances (ie. OAS), social insurance benefits (ie. CPP), and private pensions and savings plans that are publicly controlled (ie. RRSPs). These 3 components have been argued to be one of several significant accomplishes inRead MoreManagers Basic Tools Used for Making Financial Decisions867 Words   |  4 PagesManager’s Basic Tools Used for Making Financial Decisions Willie A. McCall Principles of Finance – Writing Assignment 1 Professor Eleanor Cook 30 January 2011 Manager’s Basic Tools Used for Making Financial Decisions Explain why market prices are useful to a financial manager. A competitive market is one which a good can be bought and sold at the same price. We can use prices from competitive markets to determine the cash value of a good. Whenever a good trades in a competitive marketRead MoreFinance1352 Words   |  6 Pagesfinancial manager differ from the traditional financial manager? Does the modern financial managers role differ for the large diversified firm and the small to medium size firm? The traditional financial manager was generally involved in the regular finance activities, e.g., banking operations, record keeping, management of the cash flow on a regular basis, and informing the funds requirements to the top management, etc. But, the role of financial manager has been enhanced in the todays environment;Read MorePersonal Finance608 Words   |  3 PagesUnit10- Personal Finances Marc Wilks Kaplan University MM 212 Professor Heather Bullard October 3, 2015 Having an understanding of basic financial principles is essential for anyone who wants to exercise control over their personal income. Without it, how can anyone plan how to pay for next month’s bills, much less plan for retirement? I learned that a basic knowledge of financial basics is essential if I was to have any chance of beingRead MoreWeek 3 Individual Assignment Fin/419 - Finance for Decision Making1390 Words   |  6 PagesWeek 3 Individual Assignments Finance for Decision Making FIN/419 January 30, 2012 Chapter 4: Problem 4-23 – Personal Finance Problem Funding your retirement - You plan to retire in exactly 20 years. Your goal is to create a fund that will allow you to receive $20,000 at the end of each year for the 30 years between retirement and death (a psychic told you would die exactly 30 years after you retire). You know that youRead MoreAs Money Seems To Be The Central Mean In The Positive And1460 Words   |  6 Pagesthe negative aspects of life, it is no doubt that money can be a barrier in becoming the person one sets out to be. This lecture presented to the class will begin talking about the unexpected expenses that life has to offer, before moving on to the basic necessities that each and every human being need to survive. The lecture will than go on to talking about individuals who struggle financially throughout life who than begin to realize it is time to start making arrangements for retirement, when theRead MoreHksjnklxf645 Words   |  3 Pagesrisk of entering a foreign market. And we can assess the risk by : Checking the basics needs in the foreign market : Whenever any business jump into the international market, first know what is the basic needs of customers as well as our product demand in the market. Also should measure the competition level in the market . e.g ALL BALACKS KIWI LTD plans its business in India, than they will check the basic needs of fruits market as well as exotic .They will analysis the product demandRead MoreBusiness Management : The Financial Manager Essay1277 Words   |  6 Pages2) Investment Decision: The financial manager is supposed to be able to decide between the most profitable investment portfolio that will reduce to exposure minimum the risk of finance and ensure maximum return to the enterprise owner(s). 3) Dividend Policy: The financial manager is responsible for deciding the dividend policy of the enterprise. In a small scale enterprise, the responsibility of the financial manager would include that of determining how to allocate the profit from the to the variousRead MoreChapter 8 Mishkin Notes Essay1353 Words   |  6 PagesAn Economic Analysis of Financial Structure Why do Financial Institutions Exist? (Why is Indirect Finance so Important?) Chapter 8 Chapter Preview W e take a closer look at why financial institutions exist and how they promote economic efficiency. Topics include: †¢ A Few Basic Facts About Financial Structure †¢ Transaction Costs †¢ Asymmetric Information: Adverse Selection and Moral Hazard Chapter Preview (cont.) †¢ The Lemons Problem: How Adverse Selection Influences Financial

Essay on Elisabeta Olah Kocsis Tangelwood Case 5 - 1256 Words

Elisabeta Kocsis Human Resources Consultant 03/31/2015 Case 5 Marilyn Gonzales Vice President for Human Resources Tanglewood Inc. Ms. Gonzales, I write you in regards of your request to present a report on the discrimination charges of disparate impact brought to our attention by one of our employees, Stanley Root, represented by the law firm of Eaglette-Schubert LLC. Stanley Root contacted the law firm, claiming that he was repeatedly passed over for promotion opportunities despite positive performances. Tanglewood promotes diversity in the workplace, and all hiring and promotion are made on the basis of character and quality of work. The ensuing lawsuit brings a need to analyze Tanlgewood’s selection methods to ensure these are†¦show more content†¦To analyze disparate impact, it requires to compare the availability of protected classes (the proportion of the qualified and available workforce who are members of protected classes) to the utilization of protected classes (the proportion of those employed who are members of protected classes) for each job in the organization. In the flow analysis presented, and the chart below, data from the organization’s hiring practices and applicant pool are used to compare how many individuals were hired from various groups in the applicant pool. Selection ratios and the 4/5 rule This method to assess disparate impact is to compare the proportion of applicants who are hired from several sources. The rule states that if the organization’s utilization rate of minority group is below fourth-fifth (0.8) of the utilization rate of a majority group, disparate impact may exist. In our case, there are both external and internal applicants for the positions listed: A. Store Associate: a) We have only external candidates for this position. The applicant versus selection ratio is 20.87% Whites, 21.90% Non-Whites, and 22.73% African-American. Comparing the minority selection ratio to the majority selection ratio, more than 80.00% are hired, so there is no sign of disparate impact. B. Shift Leader: a) External hires: there is a percentage of 57.58% for Non-White, and 69.67% for African-American, both below the 80.00% required by the

Renaissance and Reformation Free Essays

Renaissance and Reformation Test Humanism- Classical texts from the Greek and Roman culture lead to humanism. Humanism focused on human potential and achievements. People stopped worrying about Christian teachings. We will write a custom essay sample on Renaissance and Reformation or any similar topic only for you Order Now Influenced artists and architects. History, Literature, and Philosophy are humanities subjects. Secular- People became concerned with the here and now Predestination- Calling’s book/doctrine; Institutes of the Christian Religion states that everyone is sinful by nature and God has known from the beginning who he will save. Council of Trend- Pope Paul Ill 4th step toward reform was to call a great council of hurt leaders to Trend. Catholic Bishops and Cardinals agreed on several doctrines: 1) Church interpretation of the bible was final anyone who substituted there ideas was a heretic 2) Christians need faith and good works for salvation 3) The Bible and church traditions were both as powerful for guidance 4)luncheons were valid expressions of faith Annul- Divorce was not allowed however the pope could annul the mirage which meaner to find proof that the mirage was never legal in the first place Recant-to take back a statement you made about something Indulgence- you pay money for an indulgence and it will take away our sin Patron- Popes who beautified the cities by spending large amounts of money 95 thesis- Luther wrote 95 theses that he thought the church should change which lead to reformation- a movement for religious reform. His teaching had 3 main ideas: 1) People could win salvation by ONLY with faith in god, the church taught that faith and â€Å"good workers† were needed for salvation 2) All church teachings should be based on the bible. The pope and church traditions were false authorities 3) All people with faith were equal therefore people didn’t need priests to interpret the bible for them Edict of Worms- King Charles declared Luther of an outlaw and heretic, no one was supposed to give him food or shelter and his books were to be burned. However Prince Frederick gave him shelter in a castle and people began to follow his sayings; priests wore regular clothes and called themselves misters, led service in German not Latin and some ministers married, which created a new religious group called the Lutheran instead of seeking reforms against the Catholic Church. Protestant- A Christian who is not Catholic Peace of Suburbs- German princes decided if there state would be catholic or rottenest Act of Supremacy- English act of Parliament that recognized Henry VIII as the â€Å"Supreme Head† of the Church of England not the pope Anabaptist- Believed that people shouldn’t be baptized into the Christian faith as children because they were not old enough to decide if they wanted to be Christian; taught that the church and the state should be separate, and they refused to fight wars. Viewing Anabaptists as radicals who threatened society both Catholics and Protestants persecuted them Peasants Revolt-peasants were excited by Lather’s revolutionary ideas and demanded an end to serfdom. The revolt horrified Luther so Luther wrote a pamphlet urging the German Princes to show no mercy, the army crushed the revolt massacring over 100,000 people. Feeling betrayed by Luther many peasants rejected his religious leadership. However through his writings he remained influential People Igniting of Loyola- Catholic reformer, wrote the Spiritual Exercises that laid out a day by day plan of meditation, prayer, and study. The pope made Igniting a religious order called the Society of Jesus Members were called Jesuits- concentrated on 3 ideas: 1) Founded schools throughout Europe. 2) Convert non-Christians to Catholicism 2) Stop Protestantism from spreading Johann Gutenberg- Reinvented movable type and the printing press- machine that presses paper against a tray full of inked movable type created the first completed bible called the Gutenberg Bible Johann Tested- Was raising money to rebuild SST. Pewter’s Cathedral in Rome, he did this by selling indulgences, he gave the impression that by buying indulgences you could buy your way to heaven Martin Luther: Against Tested for selling indulgences Wrote 95 thesis attacking â€Å"Pardon Merchants† Believed you can only win salvation through faith and forgiveness of God Excommunicated by Pope Leo X Charles V issued the Edict of Worms declaring Luther as a heretic, but Prince Frederick sheltered him in a castle Translated the New Testament to German Lutheran were his followers John Calvin: Wrote Institutes of the Christian Religion which expressed ideas about God, salvation, and human nature Called the few people that God chooses to save the â€Å"elect†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ God has known since the beginning of time who will be saved-predestination Calvinist Ruled Geneva, Switzerland with theocracy (government ruled by religious leaders) Geneva was a city of high moral because of how strict he was Henry VIII: Married to Catherine of Argon and has a daughter named Mary but wants a divorce so he can have a son to be the heir to the throne Pope refused to annul his marriage so he called together a session with the reformation Parliament and asked to pass a set of laws that ended the pope’s power in England Act of Supremacy made the king the head of the Church of England, not the pope Closed monasteries and increased total power Anne had a daughter named Elizabeth so he imprisoned her in a tower and beheaded her 3rd wife gave him his son, Edward Erasmus: Christian humanist from Holland who wrote The Praise of Folly which made fun of greedy merchants, heartsick lovers, quarrelsome scholars, and pompous priests Believes in Christianity of the heart Wrote in Latin In order to improve society, all people should study the Bible Catherine of Argon- Married to Henry VII never had a boy so Henry wanted to annul the marriage at first the pope said no because she did not want to offend the Holy Roman Empire Charles V but later after Henry VII put in the Act of Supremacy- Made the English King the head of church not the pope the marriage was annulled Pope Leo X- excommunicated Luther after 95 thesis Artists: Donated- Made sculptures more realistic by carving natural postures and expressions carved the statue David Leonardo De Vinci- Artistic scientist, painted Mona Lisa and The Last Supper, A True â€Å"Renaissance Man† Raphael- Learned from Leonardo De Vinci and Michelangelo, Painted the walls of Julius II Library, Painted School of Ath ens, conveys the classical literature of the Renaissance and shows classical and Renaissance figures together Michelangelo- Sculpted David second, glorified the human body and explored Renaissance theme of human potential, minted the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel, Scientific artist, true â€Å"Renaissance man† Jan Van Check- Italian Renaissance, Oil-based Paintings very realistic Writers: Machiavelli- Wrote The Prince which said a prince must be strong as a lion and shrewd as a fox, he might have to trick his enemy’s and even his own people for the good of the state, he was not concerned with the morally right but with the politically effective Castigation-published The Courtier with the help of Aviators Cologne Sir Thomas Moore- Christian Humanists, he was concerned with society’s flaws, wrote Utopia about an imaginary land inhabited by a peace-loving people. In Greek Utopia meaner â€Å"no place† but in English it has come to mean ideal place because of Mores book Vocal Perspective- AD art Vernacular- Native language Anglican- Anglican Church= only legal Church of England Elizabeth was head of Church Presbyterian-Followers of John Knox; he was a preacher from Scotland whom spread the teaching of John Calvin and made Calvinist Scotland official religion Catholic Reformation- Helping Catholics remain loyal to the church Questions: The Renaissance began in Italy because of thriving cities, a wealthy merchant class, and the classical heritage of Greece and Rome. England lagged behind because of the bubonic plague and the 100 years’ war. A perfect Renaissance Man- Charming, witty, well-educated, Dance, sing, play music, write poetry, skilled rider, wrestler, swordsman, self-controlled Northern vs.. Southern Renaissance Art: Northern: Focused only on Religion; about landscapes and the lifestyles of people Southern: more secular; Greek and Roman mythologies, about gods and goddesses Catholic Reformation took steps like having the Society of Jesus, Jesuits, and the Council of Trend to address the Protestant Reformation 4 movements that made up the Reformation: . 3. 4. What changes did this bring to Europe? Of Prohibited books- Institutes of Christian Religion- Index Sarandon- Patriarch- Velasquez- What city was the center of the Renaissance? Florence, Italy What type of art was the focus of the Renaissance? Realism (sometimes using Biblical scenes) The merchant family named Renaissance. Medici was important at the beginning of the Who led the split away from the Catholic Church in England? Henry VIII Why did England split from the church? The King wanted a male heir so he needed to divorce his wife What country did the Protestant reformation start in? Germany (Martin Luther in Wattenberg) How was the printing press crucial to Martin Luther? He could spread his beliefs more efficiently This movement resulted from the Protestant Reformation. It was an attempt to change the Catholic Church to better meet the needs of its followers. Catholic Reformation 1 . Reasons that the Renaissance originated on the Italian peninsula include all of the following EXCEPT the peninsula’s A. Geographic location B. Political organization C. Religion D. Social structure E. Economic structure 2. Which of the following is NOT a Renaissance value? A. Mastery of ancient languages B. Derogate of the arts C. Scholarly achievement D. Proficiency in the military arts E. Civic duty 3. Renaissance humanism A. Devalued mastery of ancient languages B. Urged the development of a single talent to perfection C. Valued ancient philosophers as the final authorities on all matters D. Denied the existence of God E. Valued scholarship for its own sake and for the glory it brought the city-state 4. The belief that by cultivating the finest qualities of their beings, human beings could commune with God was a conclusion of A. Guileless B. Manipulations C. The lay piety movement D. The Catholic Church in Renaissance Italy E. The doge 5. Which of the following was NOT a factor that contributed to the Renaissance artistic achievement? A. The patronage of the pope B. The invasion of Italy by the French C. The competitive spirit of competing elites D. The apprentice system E. The lack of separation between artistic and commercial aspects of the Renaissance art world 6. Which of the following did NOT enable the spread of the Renaissance? A. The Treaty of Load B. Manila’s invitation to Charles VIII to bring troops to Italy C. The printing press D. Students and teachers migrating in and out of the Italian peninsula E. The lay piety pavement 7. Renaissance art A. Was characterized by the severe specialization of its artists B. Was characterized by religious subject matter C. Abandoned painting in favor of sculpture D. Was characterized by its concern for the human form E. Did not require patrons 8. Northern humanism A. Was less secular than Italian humanism B. Linked scholarship and learning with religious piety C. Criticized the notion that priests were required to understand the Bible D. Contributed to the Reformation E. All of the above 1 . How to cite Renaissance and Reformation, Papers

Music Therapy Management

Question: What are the effects of music therapy on children with Autism? Explain. Answer: 1. Background of the study Over the period, music therapy is considered as one of the major service modality in association with special education. Past researches state that autism is the disease which needs help from the externals hands as it helps them to survive during their troubling time (Iseri, 2014). In this context, Colwell (2012) has mentioned in his study that this can be a critically severe crippling syndromefor the patients who are who are prohibited from being an independent individual in the surrounding society. Though there are multiple therapies and programs which are available to medicate the autism patients the parents are burdened with the facts to figure what will be the best therapy for their children (Kour, 2012). The program and therapies ranges from physical, repetitive type to multiple extremely restraining diets. Many practitioners' claims to assist but there were not one therapy which proved to be good for all (Lippit Andersen, 2012). Every autistic child is very exceptional in which they can interpret and also react to their surrounding differently compared to the child next to them which adds to the encumbrance of searching for again what will be best for the child (Creighton, van der Ploeg O'Connor, 2013). But with all these hindrances there are some solutions to this that some therapies like auditory integration, music therapy, sensory motor and also the applied behavior analysis also do appear to be very relieving in teaching the autistic children to perform like an independent individual which will support them to open up to a new world ahead of them (Ng, 2012). The autism syndrome is described by different impairment degrees with the skills of communication, social interaction, repetitive, stereotyped and restricted behavior patterns (Dykstra, Boyd, Watson, Crais Baranek, 2011). The autism ranges from mild set of behaviors to the severe set as it has many different types and as well as different types in the case of different ages of people (Randles, 2014). The major issue with an autistic child is that he or she have a problem in relating to the regular social interactions which happen day in day out. They have the issue of picking up the social cues like body language, voice tone and also facial expression. When they do not possess these skills it makes it problematic for them to live in the confusing place. When a child suffers from autism they have a propensity to sing songs in a high pitched voice or in a monotone flat voice. Music therapy has proven to be the impressive process for the children to treat their autism. Music being a non-threatening method assists the autistic children to learn and also develop the required communication and the social skills which are a necessity to lead their life in future (Fleury, Thompson Wong, 2014) 2. Research Aim The main aim of the assignment is to investigate the use of music while an instruction that would increase the reactions of the autistic children. The primary focus of this study comprised of the social skills of the speech, turn taking and sharing and also eye contact. The change in the gestures and postures of the children will be evaluated in this study which will yield result with comparing to the previous research report on the same topic. There will be specific target for the researcher to get the 3. Research Questions 1. What is the significance of instrumental music therapy in autism? 2. Which age of the children can be treated with music belonging to autism? 3. What kind of music has deep effect on the children having different ethnicity? 4. Autism History Gattino, Riesgo, Longo, Leite Faccini (2011), mentioned that the autistic children justify gaining the finest treatment and therapies that are known to provide them to grow the social skills and the skills of speaking that will be developed to the future productive life. Many children without these interventions have grown up deprived of the capability to interact or to relate with their friends who would have made them outcasts from their group. Deprived of these therapies would have made them helpless depending on others for care. The study will offer evidence in detail that the instrumental music therapy is a treatment which will show significant developments in helping the autistic children with the autism learning and also the development of speech and skills allowing them to be the ones who can lead a productive and independent life. The study will show the effects of the music therapy on the social skills and the skills of speech in the autistic children (Graham, 2015). 5. Importance of the study As discussed by Hurley, Patterson Cooley, (2013), the music therapy is a scientific and functional relevance of the music with the help which a trained therapist in music can improve the social, educational, emotional and development of behavior of an autistic child. The trainer of the music therapy is a trained therapist in music and a certified professional music therapist who helps in the plan of treatment in the educational and medical program. The training in music therapy consists of musical classes that comprises of classes in psychology, anatomy, special education and other related key classes with the practical experiences on the field in the music therapy (Kalas, 2012). This therapy helps in communicating with the overall perception of the children having autism. The method of treatment is non-violating and non-threatening for the children during their treatment as music goes through their heart (LaGasse, 2014). The instrumental music is a good option for the children as t hey can concentrate method easily. Listening and further remembering the musical notes which may cure the children during the process (LaGasse Hardy, 2013). 6. Literature Review This portion will see the viability of the music therapy in children. It will review the recent studies and also the research done in regards to the profits of the music therapy on the autistic children (Haymes, 2013). There are multiple interventions that tell that these therapies are very much effective for a treatment that sometimes doesn't happen as regards to the claims given and it is a consistent struggle for any autistic child to categorize with these kinds of treatments so as to search for the therapy that is effective. These false hopes of treatments cause both heartaches of the parents and families area also very much expensive. The study of music cognition is very important because the music is frequently used for both educational purpose and also for therapeutic purpose of any autistic individuals; the autistic children have a knack towards the musical sensitivities (Higgins, 2012). The search for an effective music therapy for autism is very difficult because it may so happen that one therapy has worked effectively on one autistic person only the same intervention might not work for another autistic person. Among all the process of therapies, instrumental music therapy is one of the best way to communicate with the children (Holck Jacobsen, 2011). 6.1 Music Therapy According to Aharoni (2015), the use of the intervention to attain the goals of an individual within a therapeutic association by a proficient that have completed the therapy is called music therapy. It is an associated profession of health and an expressive therapy which consists of a procedure in which a therapist in music makes use of his music and all its aspects like emotional, physical, social, mental, spiritual and aesthetic to assist their clients to recover their mental and physical health. Aigen (2015) opined that these therapists principally facilitate the clients in improving their health in multiple domains like motor skills, cognitive functioning, developing emotionally, enhancing quality of life and social skills by the experiences of the music like singing, free improvisation, listening to music and proceeding towards music to attain the treatment goals. This music therapy also has a broad range of quantitative and qualitative literature review base and also integrate d a psychotherapy, clinical therapy, musical acoustics, musicology, embodied music cognition, comparative musicology and sensory integration. The services of the music therapy are a referral that is given by other professionals in health care such as psychologists, physicians, occupational therapists and physical therapists (Blackburn Bradshaw, 2014). When the therapists gets a referral for the clients they will witness and evaluate the different areas which comprises behavioral, sensory, communicational, socio emotional and cognitive. The music therapists build and help the children o make their own goals which they can concentrate on the needs of the child. They might also execute the individualized treatment through music therapy programs along with the procedures, strategies and interventions to construct the skills which is required to attain the prime success level. Multiple music therapists work in a team with professional to address the individual requirements of the children in the best possible way (Lim Draper, 2011). The music therapy because of its non-threatening nature has proved to be very established therapy for the autistic children with the speech development and also social interaction. The use of music with activities alongside like role playing, passing the ball or playing any musical instruments are used to substitute the interactions, however doing the other activities which concentrates on the attention can assist in increasing the eye contact. The children who are detected with autism spectrum will have qualitative impairments in the communication and social interactions accompanied by restricted stereotyped and repetitive behavioral patterns, activities and interests. (Matson, Turygin, Beighley Matson, 2012) cited that these behaviors frequently quoted as "stemming" which will comprise of a consistent movements in a rhythmic way. According to (McIver, 2011) the music therapy can also be used to construct the range of skills which are nonmusical like cognitive and physical skills. With the disabilities like issues in sensory, communications, abnormal patterns of behavior or physical impairments there is a huge trial to the process of communication. Thus we find that there is a high level of problem in sustaining any kind of social interaction with the children who have frequently c aused frustration. Music is a very valuable technique which not reaches the autistic children but also fro the children who has a delayed language. The songs which are chosen must have a melodic intonation that closely reflects the patterns of intonation of the real speech. Music that is in a structured manner has therapeutic and enjoyable experience (Preis, Arnon, Silbert Rozegar, 2015). It was also opined by many theorists that the services of music therapy can be an effective technique that is used to assist the children on the autistic spectrum (Wong, 2012). The autistic children have a rate of huge reaction to the music as they have often increased the reaction and the interest to the music that makes it a robust tool of therapy. This therapy focuses on various issues of development that has many extents of capabilities, the establishment of reactions, interactions, expectations and communications. It is also noted by many theorists that the autistic children have relevancy of sensitivities to the music (Randles, 2014). 7. Research Design As commented by Lim Draper (2011), the important fact of research methodology is a well-defined structure and sequential approach that will help the researcher to accomplish the research work successfully. Research Design is a blueprint of the work involving the plan in detail with the data collection and the analysis. There are three types of research design; exploratory, explanatory and descriptive. The researcher here has chosen the exploratory design that will assist the researcher to understand the cause and the effect of the problems of the patients during the treatment of the autism patients. The grounded theory is the main construct of explaining the method of conducting this research as a whole where researcher will use the observations method to analyze the problems and development among the patients during the treatment. The researcher in this design gets the liberty to explain the nature of the research problem, the purpose of the research with the experience and knowled ge of the researcher. The research will follow the strategy of experiment of the patients in finding the problems among the autism patients treatment procedure. The following section will explain the research methodology adopted in the current context for conducting this research successfully. The comparative usage of music in treating the autism among the patients with other conventional treatment is the main objective in this research. There will be three specific sessions with the patients using the treatment with music with the conventional method along with it. Other three sessions will be only using the conventional methods of treatment so that the difference between the two methods can be observed. The conventional treatment method will be running during the application of music as the problems among the patients do not get severe which might go beyond the control of the practitioners. Six sessions are to be taken which will include three sessions with using music and other three sessions will be without the music that will be primarily designed to concentrate on the detailed objective of this study (Boudreau D'Entremont, 2010). The data will be collected using the approach of an observer while the tally marks and instruction of the regular classes that will be mad e for every response will be attained. The use of music tends to increment the awareness and also the attention of the participants which will possibly allow them to give more affirmative responses. The changes among the patients behavior after treating them with music will be the main objective in this research. The researcher will document the reactions from the patients and the deviations in their behavior periodically so that the improvement and adverse effect among the patients can be analyzed. The results might point towards the significance of the progression when the same music that will be used for some other students, the outcome is to be noted which should be compared to the traditional methods of teaching (Brown Jellison, 2012). 8. Data Collection and Data Analysis There are two types of data collection method, primary data, and secondary data. Primary data is collected through the surveys and questionnaires, and secondary data is collected through blogs, journals, treatment portals, etc. The purpose of this report is to do a study on quantitative basis with the use of data of both pre and post therapy, which will do a comparison that will evaluate the traditional strategies of teaching and the impacts of the music therapy for acquiring the interactive skills of the children having a prime analysis of autism. (Reichow, Steiner Volkmar, 2013) the research will be conducted in observation method where the information of the patients will be assessed by their changes among the gestures and postures mainly (qualitative). Therefore, researcher will try to collect the data of reactions seen among the patienst. To collect these type of information the researchers ability will be the sole responsibility as the qualitative information can be judged only by the skill of the researcher. Mentioned that the objectives of the social skills were sharing or turn taking, physical or verbal interactions, eye contact along with the other kinds of interactions like moving towards friend s or spontaneous speech. The objective of this study is to define whether the use of music having instructions has an increment in the reactions of the autistic children or not. 8.1. Research Description This study will include participants who will consist of five participants that mean children with autism. There will two children participants having the secondary analysis of ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder) and also the ones who have been diagnosed with Apraxia. Research will be conducted with the specified sample due to analyze the specific problem related to the patients of autism where some other intervention also necessary for them. This will be a convenience analysis because all the participants are students in the classroom of the researcher and are also enrolled with a mild to the relative special class of the day. There has to be one female and four males in finding the importance of music therapy for the patients of autism as the gender specific research is necessary to find out any difference if possible for using music therapy bearing different gender for the patients (Reiersen Handen, 2011).The range of the ages should be six to eight years of age and m ust be ethnically different like one child has to be Caucasian, one African, one Filipino, one American, one Asian and one Hispanic different ethnicity must be observed to sort out the effect on the different ethnic and cultured people as well as what type of music has great impact over them. This approach will provide the researcher to find out the impact of different music and the outcome from the research will also show the door to treating different people with different culture in future. The researcher should know every student very well to give accurate results. The participants are to be deemed with the range of mild and moderate on the basis of autism spectrum according to the (Tomaino, 2013). All the five participants must have a diverse range on the scale of autism in which two of them must be the high range and the other two must be in low range (Warreyn Roeyers, 2013). The different degree of autism among the patients will allow the researcher to draw conclusion regar ding the effective rate of music at what extent on the patients during treating autism. 8.2. Sample Size and Data analysis techniques This study is a single subject study based on quantitative methods. The researcher should use the observations to accumulate the data in the tally marks from under the detailed categories. The research should comprise of baseline session for the conservative methods of teaching which should be followed by two other sessions other than a baseline session for music therapy which is to be tailed by other two sessions of music. The study must contain of a total of twenty-five minutes session of six slots having three sessions with music and the other three sessions without music comprising of five children participants it is observed from the past researchers that children cannot be retained for more than 30 minutes of a session due to their impatient nature of their small age as observed in past researches (Zelazny, 2001). The children are to be observed in the first session for the baseline of each goal for the traditional method of teaching. When the three traditional methods of teac hing is over it should be followed by the three sessions of music therapy (as mentioned in literature). Wheeler (2015) stated that again the first music session therapy of the first session should be used for the baseline. Before and also after the comparisons are documented and joined a mean score is to be determined for each child participants by the set of both pre and post information of the session to note down any change in the progression of the participants the observation of the change in body language will be assessed percentage of changes in any particular activity among the all will be quantified with the researchers own criteria using the Lickert scale. The researcher should collect the accurate data, and also an instructor should be present to moderate the process. Every child participant is to be given three opportunities to attain the goal. If they fail to achieve the goal the researcher should not document the tally marks (Wigram, 2000). 8.3. Materials of the study The materials are to be designed and developed by researcher herself to provide the lessons on music to the children and also hold a contract to give the services of music therapy to the students in the schools of the decided district. Recommendations are given to the students to take the music therapy from their teachers, and they will be evaluated by a certified and trained professional from Host Music Therapy. According to (Williams, Wheeler, Silove Hazell, 2011) the music therapist must come on a weekly basis to have the sessions with the participants and on other days they will be assisted by their teachers. Researcher will bring some sorted and developed materials for the patients as per the requirement of the clustered by culture whereas video music will be the main attraction (Young, Camic Tischler, 2015). However, the audio music will also be used as the instrument for making the patients audiometric as well as listening test of music during autism. Conclusion This study will examine the impacts of the music therapy as compared to the traditional methods of teaching, which mean without music based on the performance of the children with autism in reference to the focused skills in speech, sharing and turn taking and eye contact. The participants included five children with a specific analysis of autism who had the different range of communication in the skills of interaction and social skills. All the five students must attend this education class that is specially designed for them with the range of mild and reasonable disabilities. Every participant is to be observed pre intervention, post intervention and during the intervention throughout the sessions of music therapy (Reiersen Handen, 2011). The data should be accurately collected to give accurate outcomes that will show the impacts of the music therapy sessions with autistic children. References: Aharoni, R. (2015). Music therapy in schools: Working with children of all ages in mainstream and special education. Music Therapy Perspectives. doi:10.1093/mtp/miv012 Aigen, K. (2015). Music therapy: An art beyond words. Music Therapy Perspectives. doi:10.1093/mtp/miv007 Blackburn, R., Bradshaw, T. (2014). Music therapy for service users with dementia: a critical review of the literature. J Psychiatr Ment Health Nurs, 21(10), 879-888. doi:10.1111/jpm.12165 Boudreau, E., DEntremont, B. (2010). Improving the Pretend Play Skills of Preschoolers with Autism Spectrum Disorders: The Effects of Video Modeling. Journal Of Developmental And Physical Disabilities, 22(4), 415-431. doi:10.1007/s10882-010-9201-5 Brown, L., Jellison, J. (2012). Music Research with Children and Youth with Disabilities and Typically Developing Peers: A Systematic Review. Journal Of Music Therapy, 49(3), 335-364. doi:10.1093/jmt/49.3.335 Colwell, C. (2012). Simulating disabilities as a tool for altering individual perceptions of working with children with special needs. International Journal Of Music Education, 31(1), 68-77. doi:10.1177/0255761411433725 Creighton, A., van der Ploeg, E., OConnor, D. (2013). A literature review of spaced-retrieval interventions: a direct memory intervention for people with dementia. International Psychogeriatrics, 25(11), 1743-1763. doi:10.1017/s1041610213001233 Dykstra, J., Boyd, B., Watson, L., Crais, E., Baranek, G. (2011). The impact of the Advancing Social-communication And Play (ASAP) intervention on preschoolers with autism spectrum disorder. Autism, 16(1), 27-44. doi:10.1177/1362361311408933 Fleury, V., Thompson, J., Wong, C. (2014). Learning How to Be a Student: An Overview of Instructional Practices Targeting School Readiness Skills for Preschoolers With Autism Spectrum Disorder. Behavior Modification, 39(1), 69-97. doi:10.1177/0145445514551384 Gattino, G., Riesgo, R., Longo, D., Leite, J., Faccini, L. (2011). Effects of relational music therapy on communication of children with autism: a randomized controlled study. Nordic Journal Of Music Therapy, 20(2), 142-154. doi:10.1080/08098131.2011.566933 Graham, M. (2015). Intersecting Music Therapy and Sound Studies. Music Therapy Perspectives. doi:10.1093/mtp/miu052 Haymes, L. (2013). The PRT Pocket Guide: Pivotal Response Treatment for Autism Spectrum Disorders. Res Prac Pers Severe Dis, 38(1), 63-64. doi:10.2511/027494813807046980 Higgins, L. (2012). Where music helps: community music therapy in action and reflection. Music Education Research, 14(1), 120-122. doi:10.1080/14613808.2012.667943 Holck, U., Jacobsen, S. (2011). Tony Wigrams Contributions to the Assessment of Children with Autism and Multiple Disabilities. Voices: A World Forum For Music Therapy, 11(3). doi:10.15845/voices.v11i3.605 Hurley, R., Patterson, T., Cooley, S. (2013). Meditation-based interventions for family caregivers of people with dementia: a review of the empirical literature. Aging Mental Health, 18(3), 281-288. doi:10.1080/13607863.2013.837145 Kalas, A. (2012). Joint Attention Responses of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder to Simple versus Complex Music. Journal Of Music Therapy, 49(4), 430-452. doi:10.1093/jmt/49.4.430 LaGasse, A. (2014). Effects of a Music Therapy Group Intervention on Enhancing Social Skills in Children with Autism. Journal Of Music Therapy, 51(3), 250-275. doi:10.1093/jmt/thu012 LaGasse, A., Hardy, M. (2013). Considering Rhythm for Sensorimotor Regulation in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders. Music Therapy Perspectives, 31(1), 67-77. doi:10.1093/mtp/31.1.67 Lim, H., Draper, E. (2011). The Effects of Music Therapy Incorporated with Applied Behavior Analysis Verbal Behavior Approach for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders. Journal Of Music Therapy, 48(4), 532-550. doi:10.1093/jmt/48.4.532 Matson, J., Turygin, N., Beighley, J., Matson, M. (2012). Status of single-case research designs for evidence-based practice. Research In Autism Spectrum Disorders, 6(2), 931-938. doi:10.1016/j.rasd.2011.12.008 McIver, S. (2011). erratum for Biochemical effects of Ribose and nADH Therapy in children with Autism . AUI, 15. doi:10.4137/aui.s7903 Preis, J., Arnon, R., Silbert, D., Rozegar, A. (2015). Does Music Matter? The Effects of Background Music on Verbal Expression and Engagement in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders. Music Therapy Perspectives. doi:10.1093/mtp/miu044 Randles, C. (2014). Book review: Petra Kern Marcia Humpal., Early Childhood Music Therapy and Autism Spectrum Disorders. Psychology Of Music, 42(5), 766-767. doi:10.1177/0305735614541368 Reichow, B., Steiner, A., Volkmar, F. (2013). Cochrane Review: Social skills groups for people aged 6 to 21 with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Evidence-Based Child Health: A Cochrane Review Journal, 8(2), 266-315. doi:10.1002/ebch.1903 Reiersen, A., Handen, B. (2011). Commentary on Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) for autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Evidence-Based Child Health: A Cochrane Review Journal, 6(4), 1082-1085. doi:10.1002/ebch.786 Tomaino, C. (2013). Meeting the Complex Needs of Individuals With Dementia Through Music Therapy. Music And Medicine, 5(4), 234-241. doi:10.1177/1943862113505775 Warreyn, P., Roeyers, H. (2013). See what I see, do as I do: Promoting joint attention and imitation in preschoolers with autism spectrum disorder. Autism, 18(6), 658-671. doi:10.1177/1362361313493834 Wheeler, B. (2015). Music, Health, and Wellbeing. Music Therapy Perspectives. doi:10.1093/mtp/miv015 Wigram, T. (2000). A Method of Music Therapy Assessment for the Diagnosis of Autism and Communication Disorders in Children. Music Therapy Perspectives, 18(1), 13-22. doi:10.1093/mtp/18.1.13 Williams, K., Wheeler, D., Silove, N., Hazell, P. (2011). Cochrane Review: Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) for autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Evidence-Based Child Health: A Cochrane Review Journal, 6(4), 1044-1078. doi:10.1002/ebch.804 Young, R., Camic, P., Tischler, V. (2015). The impact of community-based arts and health interventions on cognition in people with dementia: a systematic literature review. Aging Mental Health, 1-15. doi:10.1080/13607863.2015.1011080 Iseri, E. (2014). Music Therapy and Hormonal Responses in Autism.GMJ,25. doi:10.12996/gmj.2014.16 Kour, D. (2012). An experimental study to evaluate the effect of instrumental Indian classical and western music therapy on learning and memory in stress induced young rats.IOSR Journal Of Pharmacy (IOSRPHR),2(4), 29-32. doi:10.9790/3013-24302932 Lippit, T., Andersen, K. (2012). STEIM.Interactions,19(4), 90. doi:10.1145/2212877.2212898 Ng, S. (2012). Phrase Rhythm as Form in Classical Instrumental Music.Music Theory Spectrum,34(1), 51-77. doi:10.1525/mts.2012.34.1.51 Randles, C. (2014). Book review: Petra Kern Marcia Humpal., Early Childhood Music Therapy and Autism Spectrum Disorders.Psychology Of Music,42(5), 766-767. doi:10.1177/0305735614541368 Straus, J. (2014). Music Therapy and Autism: A View from Disability Studies.Voices: A World Forum For Music Therapy,14(3). doi:10.15845/voices.v14i3.785 Wong, C. (2012). Reinventing the Central Asian Rawap in Modern China: Musical Stereotypes, Minority Modernity, and Uyghur Instrumental Music.Asian Music,43(1), 34-63. doi:10.1353/amu.2012.0007 Zelazny, C. (2001). Therapeutic Instrumental Music Playing in Hand Rehabilitation for Older Adults with Osteoarthritis: Four Case Studies.Journal Of Music Therapy,38(2), 97-113. doi:10.1093/jmt/38.2.97

Standard Setting in Political Environment Essay Example

Standard Setting in Political Environment Paper In general, standards, especially auditing standards, have been restricted to the prescribed solution, which has generated a lot Of controversy about the absence of supporting theories and the use of an ad hoc formulating approach. The general trend, however, is to include the description and the reasoned discussion, thereby providing a concise, theoretically supported rule of action. The Public Interest Theory was implicit in our examination of standard-setting. The theory suggests that regulation is required to answer the demand of the public for correction of market failures. The theory assumes that the central authority has the best interests of the society as its objective. In other words it does its best to maximize social welfare. The regulation is a trade off between the costs involved and the benefits received by society. The Interest Group Theory takes the view that an industry operates in the situation where there are a number Of interest groups (constituencies). Development of standard setting approaches in various countries SAAB The International Accounting Standard Board (SAAB) is the independent, accounting standard-setting body of the FIRS. The SAAB was founded on April , 2001 as the successor to the International Accounting Standard Committee (SASS). It is responsible for developing FIRS and promoting the use and application of these standards. The International Financial Reporting Standard (FIRS) was incorporated as a tax-exempt organization in the US state of Delaware. We will write a custom essay sample on Standard Setting in Political Environment specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Standard Setting in Political Environment specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Standard Setting in Political Environment specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The FIRS also the parent entity of the SAAB, an independent accounting standard-setter based in London, England. The ASP has 14 Board members. They are selected as a group of experts with a mix of experience of standard-setting, preparing and using accounts, and academic work. In January 2009, they have their meeting with the Trustees of the Foundation concluded the first part of the second Constitution Review, announcing the creation of a Monitoring Board and the expansion Of the SAAB to 1 6 members and giving more consideration to the geographical composition of the SAAB. FAST Since 1 973, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FAST) has been the designated organization in the private sector for establishing standards of financial accounting that governs the preparation of financial reports by nongovernmental entities. Those standards are officially recognized as authoritative by the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) and the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants. The SEC has statutory authority to establish financial accounting and reporting standards for publicly held companies under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. Throughout its history, however, the Commissions policy has been to rely on the private sector for this function to the extent that the private sector demonstrates ability to fulfill the responsibility in the public interest. The mission of the FAST is to establish and improve standards of financial counting and reporting that foster financial reporting by nongovernmental entities that provides decision-useful information to investors and other users of financial reports. That mission is accomplished through a comprehensive and independent process that encourages broad participation, objectively considers all stakeholder views, and is subject to oversight by the Financial Accounting Foundations Board of Trustees. MASS Standard setting in Malaysia entered a new era with the Financial Reporting Act 1997 which established the Financial Reporting Foundation (FRR) and the Malaysian Accounting Standard Board (MASS) in 1997. The Financial Reporting Act 1 997 was gazette on 6 March, 1997. The FRR is established under the Financial Reporting Act 1997 (Act). The FRR comprises representation from all relevant parties in the standard setting process, including preparers, users, regulators and accountancy profession. The FRR, as a trustee body, has responsibility for the oversight of the Mamas performance, financial and funding arrangements, and as an initial source of views for the MASS on proposed standards and pronouncements. It has no erect responsibility with regard to standard setting. This responsibility rests exclusively with the MASS. The aims of the MASS are to implement an efficient, effective structure and due processes for the development of MASS Standards, a conceptual framework and other forms of authoritative guidance. Other than that, MASS also aim to pursue the development of MASS Standards, a conceptual framework and other authoritative guidance on a basis that recognizes that users of financial statements are the primary customer, so that those users are better able to make economic decisions. The MASS established a committee in May, 2002 known as the Issues Committee to replace its predecessor, Interpretation Committee. The change in name reflects the expanded scope of the committee which, in addition to dealing with interpretations of approved accounting standards, also deals with other accounting related issues where there are no existing accounting standards. The committee, hence, is responsible for reviewing accounting issues that have received or likely to receive different views in interpretation and to provide recommendations to the Board for decision. Standard setting approaches Miffs are full convergence, which are copy word by word of Firms issued by the SAAB except for the terminologies. The due process of MIFFS Framework aligns the Mamas due process timeline to that of the SAAB with the aim of putting the new or amended standards in place for adoption and application within a timely manner. This is to ensure, that the effective date of the new or amended standards will be the same as that of Firms. * Stage 1: MASS seeks public comment on Saabs draft technical pronouncements. The SAABS draft technical pronouncements include Discussion paper, Exposure Draft and Request for Views. MASS will disseminate the SAAB draft pronouncements together with an Invitation to Comment to local constituents by publishing on MASS website a Comment Online feature and sending a copy of the documents to the relevant authorities, professional bodies, accounting firms, industry related associations, and public listed companies. The due date for the public to submit comments to MASS is usually one month before Saabs comment deadline so as to allow MASS Working Group and the Board a reasonable time to consider the comments received before making a submission to the SASS. In addition, public forums ay be organized if these SAAB draft pronouncements represent major change or shift from current practice. * Stage 2: Deliberation at the Working Group level on Saabs draft pronouncements The Saabs draft pronouncements will be deliberated in WAG meetings and to provide comment / recommendation to the issues raised in the draft pronouncements for the Boards consideration. The WAG will also consider public comments received and their recommendations on those comments for the Boards consideration. Stage 3: Deliberation at the MASS (the Board). The public comments received, Working Groups comments and commendations will be tabled at the Board for deliberation and consideration. During the discussion, the Board will consider all comments received and thereafter, a comment letter to the SAAB will be prepared and submitted to SAAB accordingly. * Stage 4: Issuance of Standard by SAAB. Following publication of the final standard by the ASP (FIRS), the Working Group w ill deliberate on the changes made, if any, from the draft pronouncements. Thereafter, the Working Groups views or recommendation, including possible issues/ implications, if any, of the FIRS will be presented to he MASS for consideration. * Stage 5: Issuance of standard by MASS. After due deliberation by the Board, copy of the MIFFS (word-for-word with Firms) would be presented to the FRR members for their comments before it being issued as approved accounting standards in Malaysia. Ethics of standard setting It is likely that if there was no regulation, markets would cease to work. Have two motivations, there are the external motivation the enforcement approach, a regulator, and the internal motivation -? the people will want to keep their promises and honor contracts. The more ethically that people behave, the greater reduction there would be in required regulation. One way to look at it would be, for example, if all professionals acted in their own self- interest, ignoring the clients recognition, in due course clients would become very suspicious. Regulations would grow and professionals would be very carefully looked into. However, if professionals can be trusted to act in a trustworthy way, then it could be a win-win situation. It goes beyond adopting a code of ethics. Professionals would have to act professionally towards the client. Professionals must become transparent in their actions so clients will eave full trust in their actions. Certainly professionals have self-interest and this must be taken into account. As some regulation would be required, what about standard setting from an ethical point of view. When accountants are dealing with clients there is very likely an imbalance of accounting knowledge between the two but accountants should not impose their own values on the client. Issues involved in standard setting The standard setting bodies have an ethical issue because the standards set for clients, those who manage the companies, have a third dimension, as the angers interests often conflict with those of the public. Our case is the investing public, the third party. Now investors needs are well served by good disclosure of material. But we have seen in our previous modules that standards that are beneficial to the investor often impose burdens on the managers, volatility. Whose interests should the regulator serve. Dusks ; Dusks, stated the accountant and the regulator can easily reconcile the obligations by acting with integrity. In the long-run the interests of the public and the investor merge. The answer comes across clearly in Dusks amp; Dusks. They argue that the profession has an obligation to look out for the best interests of the client, avoiding the temptation to take advantage of the client; this quotation implies the public interest theory. It is important to consider the debate between what is termed rules-based and principle based accounting standards. It is important to consider the debate between what is termed rules-based and principalities accounting standards. Considering Enrons actions they were strictly based on rules actions Of GAP. They were not based on principles There is a difference. Rules attempt to put down detailed directions to be followed, and it is difficult to cover all situations. The Principle indicates the intent we have in mind and the course we follow. It is putting into effect the real ethics we wish to pursue. Accounting issue in Islamic Financial Institution Accounting standards are developed in various parts of the world and are predominantly developed based on the environment of local jurisdiction and typically the behavior of the large and most often multinational corporations would be subjected to these standards. MASS has also appointed a Working Group to develop a framework of accounting concepts based on the Sharis principles to assist the Board in developing financial accounting and reporting standards for the recognition, measurement and disclosure of transactions based on Sharis principles which would facilitate the development of the Islamic Capital Market. The main characteristics that influenced the environment of an Islamic bank in the Sharis and this has to be central in the development of accounting standards for Islamic banks, which was not part of the consideration of the international standard setter. There are major preferences between Islamic banks and Conventional banks that impose difficulties for Islamic banks to comply with standards not actually meant for them. Appropriate mechanism to track the risks and rewards other than a financial reporting system, which Islamic financial institution were deprived of prior to OAF. Foundation of setting standards for Islamic financial institution is on the basis of filling in a vacuum that conventional standards have left void. OAF did not reject existing GAP standards except in cases where such principles conflict with Shari ah principles. It is clearly stated in Falls Statement of Objectives that it is natural that there should be differences between objectives of other bank and objectives of Islamic bank. The kinds of issues addressed by PAYOFF Standards. Us absence over form The framework of accounting standards by SIS and other generally accepted accounting standards require that the accounting information is presented according to the substance and economic reality and not merely the legal form. Requiring and entity that enjoys a greater of economic benefits of an asset to report the asset in their balance sheet appeared in a leasing contract in consistent with this postulate.

Why.to Essay Writing Sample

Why.to Essay Writing SampleSample essays are important for students who plan to apply to Why.to.attend.event. Why.to is an online education and job listing service that offer employment opportunities in many different fields. When applying to Why.to.attend.event, you will be required to complete a resume that is submitted in conjunction with your application. This is your opportunity to craft an essay to prove why you are the best person for the job.An event will require an essay to prove why the employer should hire you. The purpose of the sample essay is to demonstrate your ability to research, organize, and construct a persuasive argument based on several reliable sources that will persuade an employer to hire you for the position. You will want to create a clear, concise, and well written essay that will not only convince the hiring manager, but will also provide enough information to convince a potential employer to take you on as an employee.Make sure that the resource material s you choose are from credible sources and are unbiased. For example, you should not use something that was written by someone who does not represent their views or opinion. You will want to cite sources that support your opinions, but should also provide accurate and reliable information for your audience. Your resource materials should be up to date and contain all of the data necessary to reach a logical conclusion, while presenting it in a non-confrontational manner.Do not use any word that readers would not have been able to understand without looking it up in a dictionary. You should also avoid slang and make certain that the writing is completely grammatically correct. Students often become frustrated with the first draft of an essay, because they have learned to rely on grammar and spelling while completing an assignment. If you find that you are struggling, make a few minor changes to your essay or write the essay over until you feel comfortable with it.Remember that the le ngth of your essay should be determined by the length of the assignment and the student's ability to write. If you are working with a deadline, make sure that you write as much as possible on your allotted time frame. Consider making copies of your essay so that you can use them at your convenience.Organize your ideas and organize your facts. Take your time when writing, as it will take some time to assemble your essay. Include each and every source that you can that provides information that supports your points of view. Be careful to verify that all of the information in your resource materials is true and to cite any citations appropriately. To help students with this task, print out sample resume samples so that you have one resource document for each resource that you use.Ensure that you proofread each section thoroughly. If you find errors, do not waste any more time and fix the errors. Print out a copy of your work and make a note of any mistakes so that you can correct them. It is extremely important that you present your essay accurately and logically.Finally, submit your essay and be prepared to discuss your reasons for being hired in a one-on-one interview. Students who show their writing skills and analysis will receive a substantial bonus for their efforts.

Free Essays on My Worst Moment

â€Å"Penthouse† on the cover. Right then and there, a light bulb seemed to turn on in my head. I was sure I had a great idea to finally reach my pinnacle goal of popularity. I rationalized that if my cousin had these nude magazines and he was hip, then maybe I too would gain respect from my classmates. That night I ripped out two pages of this so-called â€Å"Penthouse† magazine. When I got home, I could hardly sleep due to all of the anticipation regarding my plan for acceptance. The next day I brought the magazine pages to school, and immediately showed my best friend during recess. To my disappointment, he was shocked and appalled. He screamed, â€Å"Oh my goodness, those are boobies and I’m going to tell on you to Mrs. Hanson.†... Free Essays on My Worst Moment Free Essays on My Worst Moment Have you ever had an extraordinary idea with the potential to deliver great results, but fail miserably? As a kid, who wouldn’t want to be the most popular person in the class? Being popular was a great ambition of mine. I thought I had a magic formula for popularity, but the plan reversed on me and turned into a disaster. I thrived for attention as an adolescent. In the third grade, I was very gullible and naà ¯ve. My personal goal was to be adored by my fellow peers. I was clueless as to how to become â€Å"cool.† My mom would dress me for school, and I could not stay up past seven o’clock. My last hope and inspiration was my older cousin. During this challenging period, my older cousin was the â€Å"hippest cat in town.† He owned all the latest toys; he really didn’t have a set bedtime; and best of all he was a ladies man. This envious attitude I had towards him led me to mimic everything that he did. One Sunday night, I decided to visit my cousin. When I arrived, my aunt told me that he had gone out with some girls. So I decided to just snoop around his room. To my surprise, I found a stack of unusual magazines hidden underneath his bed. The magazines had the words â€Å"Penthouse† on the cover. Right then and there, a light bulb seemed to turn on in my head. I was sure I had a great idea to finally reach my pinnacle goal of popularity. I rationalized that if my cousin had these nude magazines and he was hip, then maybe I too would gain respect from my classmates. That night I ripped out two pages of this so-called â€Å"Penthouse† magazine. When I got home, I could hardly sleep due to all of the anticipation regarding my plan for acceptance. The next day I brought the magazine pages to school, and immediately showed my best friend during recess. To my disappointment, he was shocked and appalled. He screamed, â€Å"Oh my goodness, those are boobies and I’m going to tell on you to Mrs. Hanson.†...

Venezuela’s Declaration of Independence in 1810

Venezuela’s Declaration of Independence in 1810 The republic of Venezuela celebrates its independence from Spain on two different dates: April 19, when an initial declaration of semi-independence from Spain was signed in 1810, and July 5, when a more definitive break was signed in 1811. April 19 is known as â€Å"Firma Acta de la Independencia† or â€Å"Signing of the Act of Independence.† Napoleon Invades Spain The first years of the nineteenth century were turbulent ones in Europe, particularly in Spain. In 1808, Napoleon Bonaparte invaded Spain and put his brother Joseph on the throne, throwing Spain and its colonies into chaos. Many Spanish colonies, still loyal to the deposed King Ferdinand, did not know how to react to the new ruler. Some cities and regions opted for a limited independence: they would take care of their own affairs until such time as Ferdinand was restored. Venezuela: Ready for Independence Venezuela was ripe for Independence long before other South American regions. Venezuelan Patriot Francisco de Miranda, a former general in the French Revolution, led a failed attempt to start a revolution in Venezuela in 1806, but many approved of his actions. Young firebrand leaders like Simà ³n Bolà ­var and Josà © Fà ©lix Ribas were actively speaking of making a clean break from Spain. The example of the American Revolution was fresh in the minds of these young patriots, who wanted freedom and their own republic. Napoleonic Spain and the Colonies In January of 1809, a representative of the Joseph Bonaparte government arrived in Caracas and demanded that taxes continue to be paid and that the colony recognize Joseph as their monarch. Caracas, predictably, exploded: people took to the streets declaring loyalty to Ferdinand. A ruling junta was proclaimed and Juan de Las Casas, the Captain-General of Venezuela, was deposed. When news reached Caracas that a loyalist Spanish government had been set up in Seville in defiance of Napoleon, things cooled down for a while and Las Casas was able to re-establish control. April 19, 1810 On April 17, 1810, however, news reached Caracas that the government loyal to Ferdinand had been crushed by Napoleon. The city erupted into chaos once more. Patriots who favored full independence and royalists loyal to Ferdinand could agree on one thing: they would not tolerate French rule. On April 19, Creole patriots confronted the new Captain-General Vicente Emparn and demanded self-rule. Emparn was stripped of authority and sent back to Spain. Josà © Fà ©lix Ribas, a wealthy young patriot, rode through Caracas, exhorting Creole leaders to come to the meeting taking place in the council chambers. Provisional Independence The elite of Caracas agreed on a provisional independence from Spain: they were rebelling against Joseph Bonaparte, not the Spanish crown, and would mind their own affairs until Ferdinand VII was restored. Still, they made some quick decisions: they outlawed slavery, exempted Indians from paying tribute, reduced or removed trade barriers, and decided to send envoys to the United States and Britain. Wealthy young nobleman Simà ³n Bolà ­var financed the mission to London. Legacy of the April 19 Movement The result of the Act of Independence was immediate. All over Venezuela, cities and towns decided either to follow Caracas lead or not: many cities chose to remain under Spanish rule. This led to fighting and a de facto Civil War in Venezuela. A Congress was called in early 1811 to solve the bitter fighting among Venezuelans. Although it was nominally loyal to Ferdinand - the official name of the ruling junta was Junta of conservation of the rights of Ferdinand VII - the government of Caracas was, in fact, quite independent. It refused to recognize the Spanish shadow government that was loyal to Ferdinand, and many Spanish officers, bureaucrats, and judges were sent back to Spain along with Emparn. Meanwhile, exiled patriot leader Francisco de Miranda returned, and young radicals such as Simà ³n Bolà ­var, who favored unconditional independence, gained influence. On July 5, 1811, the ruling junta voted in favor of complete Independence from Spain - their self-rule was no longer dependent on the state of the Spanish king. Thus was born the ​First Venezuelan Republic, doomed to die in 1812 after a disastrous earthquake and relentless military pressure from royalist forces. The April 19 pronouncement was not the first of its kind in Latin America: the city of Quito had made a similar pronouncement in August of 1809. Still, the independence of Caracas had much longer lasting effects than that of Quito, which was quickly put down. It allowed the return of the charismatic Francisco de Miranda, vaulted Simà ³n Bolà ­var, Josà © Fà ©lix Ribas and other patriot leaders to fame, and set the stage for the true independence that followed. It also inadvertently caused the death of Simà ³n Bolà ­vars brother Juan Vicente, who died in a shipwreck while returning from a diplomatic mission to the USA in 1811. Sources: Harvey, Robert. Liberators: Latin Americas Struggle for Independence Woodstock: The Overlook Press, 2000. Lynch, John. The Spanish American Revolutions 1808-1826 New York: W. W. Norton Company, 1986. Lynch, John. Simon Bolivar: A Life. New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 2006.